@Mark. You need to be lowering your saddle not raising it with longer cranks.
Without wanting to appear flippant, it depends more on the chainrings you have on the crank than it does the BCD. If you have a 52/36 compact then switching to a 53/39 won't require any change to the chain. However with a 50/34 you will need to add links to the chain. This is because , even though you shouldn't cross-chain from the 53 to the 25 or whatever you have on the back, in the event that you accidently do, you need your deraileur to survive.
You should be able to keep your original cassette, but it depends on the ratio. A lot of people run 11-23 with compacts, whereas with a standard front combo you'll need a 25 at the back. Personally I think you also don't need an 11. So 12-25 gives you access to the holy-grail of sprockets: the 16 !
I have no knowledge of BB30.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hEAASx8ipsI